Edu Rekha International Journal of Arts, Law and Social Science
Volume- 2 Issue-2 (March-April) 2026

Did Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) really marry A’isha at the age of 9 years old and Prophet Issac (Peace Be Upon Him) really marry Rebecca at the age of 3 years old?

Guru Dev Teeluckdharry (also known as Salahuddin Rabbani - Muslim Revert)

PDFPage: 01-15

This paper discusses the fictitious marriages of both Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) with A’isha at the age of 9 years old and Prophet Issac (Peace Be Upon Him) with Rebecca at the age of 3 years old. According to a good number of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu opponents of Islam, Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) was a sexual pervert and pedophile because he was betrothed to A’isha at the age of 6 years old and married her at the age of 9 years old following consummation of the marriage. On the other hand, according to a good number of Muslim and Hindu opponents of Judaism, Prophet Issac (Peace Be Upon Him) was a sexual pervert and pedophile because he married Rebecca at the age of 3 years old. Which is which as far as the marriages of both Prophets (Peace Be Upon Them) are concerned? Were they really both sexual perverts and pedophiles who really married young girls and children below 10 years old?

Keywords: Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), A’isha, Prophet Issac (Peace Be Upon Him), Rebecca.

Prophet Dhul-Kifl [also known as Prophet Gautam Buddha] (Peace Be Upon Him) in The Glorious Quran

Guru Dev Teeluckdharry (also known as Salahuddin Rabbani - Muslim Revert)

PDFPage: 16-19

The coexistence of Islam with Buddhism took place several centuries ago. Both religions originated from monotheist sources and Muslim scholars were the first to compare Islam with Buddhism. There are several verses (Surahs) in The Glorious Quran which indicates a strong similarity of Buddhist teaching with Islamic teaching. Muslims scholars like Muhammad Hamidullah (1974) supported by Hamza Yusuf (2010), Reza Kazemi (2010), Imtiyaz Yusuf (2003), and al-Qasimi (2002) all have stated that Prophet Gautam Buddha (Peace Be Upon Him) was Prophet Dhul-Kifl in The Glorious Quran. The justification is that Dhul-Kifl may stand for Prophet Gautam Buddha (Peace Be Upon Him) because he was born in Lumbini and moved to Kapilavastu. Dhul-Kifl means “one from Kifl”, whereas Kapilavastu means “one from Kapila” (vastu meaning “one from”). In Arabic there is no ‘f’ sound and therefore the Arabs used ‘p’ sound. Since The Glorious Quran is accurate in pronunciations, the Arabs doing trading at the time of Prophet Gautam Buddha (Peace Be Upon Him) through the ancient silk route may have called Kapilavastu, Dhul-Kifl, which changed to Dhul-Kifli when applying it to a person. In other words, Kapilavastu equals Dhul-Kifl (both meaning exactly the same thing: “the one from Kilf or Kapila”), where Prophet Gautam Buddha (Peace Be Upon Him) is named after the place, which is not too uncommon in Arabic.”

Keywords: The Glorious Quran, Prophet Dhul-Kifl [also known as Prophet Gautam Buddha] (Peace Be Upon Him)

Prophet Krishna [also known as Prophet Kahan] (Peace Be Upon Him) in the Authentic Hadiths

Guru Dev Teeluckdharry (also known as Salahuddin Rabbani - Muslim Revert)

PDFPage: 20-26

Prophet Krishna (Peace Be Upon Him) was a Prophet of ALLAH (Parmatma), The Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnipresent, and Omnibenevolent (also known as ‘The Supreme Lord of The Universal Committee and Divine Council’). He was sent to the Hindu community or nation of India together with Prophet Ram (Peace Be Upon Him), Prophet Rishabhanatha (Peace Be Upon Him), Prophet Mahavira (Peace Be Upon Him), and Prophet Gautam Buddha (Peace Be Upon Him). Prophet Krishna (Peace Be Upon Him) was the recipient of the Bhagavad Gita from ALLAH (Parmatma) and he transmitted its holy message to the courageous warrior, Arjun during the epic of Mahabarata which is generally thought to have occurred in the Dwapara Yuga, with popular traditions placing the war around 3102 BCE (5,126 years) ago. It is to be noted that Prophet Krishna (Peace Be Upon Him) was a human being who was born as a Prophet. He was not ALLAH (Parmatma). According to The Glorious Quran and Vedas (Rig Ved, Sam Ved, Yajur Ved, and Athartha Ved which are the books of authority for all Hindus of Sanatan Dharma), ALLAH (Parmatma) is Omniscient, Omnipotent, Omnipresent, and Omnibenevolent. HE is The Supreme Lord of The Universal Committee and Divine Council. Prophet Krishna (Peace Be Upon Him) was NOT Omniscient, Omnipotent, Omnipresent, and Omnibenevolent.

Keywords: Prophet Krishna (Peace Be Upon Him), Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), Bhagavad Gita, The Glorious Quran, Hadiths.

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES: STRATEGIC IMPERATIVES, ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION, AND QUANTITATIVE PERSPECTIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE HIGHER EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT

Victoria kelechi Izuakolam -CLN1* & Saturday U. Omeluzor2

PDFPage: 27-32

Knowledge management has become a strategic tool for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of higher education institutions, with academic libraries serving as central knowledge hubs. This study examines knowledge management practices in Nigerian academic libraries, focusing on strategic imperatives, organizational transformation, and quantitative approaches to sustainable higher education development. Using a quantitative research framework, key variables such as ICT infrastructure, human capacity, and knowledge sharing culture were analyzed through descriptive statistics and multiple regression modeling. Findings reveal significant positive relationships between knowledge management practices and library performance, with ICT infrastructure emerging as the strongest predictor of institutional effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of digital transformation, staff capacity development, and collaborative knowledge exchange in strengthening academic library services. The study concludes that integrating data-driven knowledge management strategies can enhance research support, innovation, and sustainable development in Nigerian higher education.

Keywords: Knowledge Management, Academic Libraries, Nigerian Universities, Organizational Transformation, Regression Analysis, Sustainable Higher Education, Quantitative Modeling.

Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) Cashless Policies, E-Transactions and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Dr. Okonkwo, Clement Nwafor1*, Ogunbadeniyi, Adeola Oluwakemi2 & Mr. Bassey, John-Jireh3

PDFPage: 33-41

For efficiency in financial transactions, the CBN introduced cashless policy in 2012 for reduction of physical cash transactions in Nigeria. Therefore, the study identified the CBN’s developmental policy of cashless arrangement and interrogated same with economic development in the country. Ex-Post Facto research design was adopted, secondary data were collected and analyzed through documentary method and content analysis respectively. Theoretically, dependency theory was utilized, which maintained among others that the activities of the Western World was responsible for the underdevelopment of the Third World countries. The study found that the cashless policy has a minimal impact on the economic growth of Nigeria. therefore, the study suggested among other things that the provisions and knowledge of the intricacies surrounding the cashless policy and e-transaction will be made available to all Nigeria and the internet facilities will be made stable to facilitate reliability and confidence of the users. This the only way to enhance economic growth under the cashless policy.    

Key words: Cashless Policy, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Economic Growth, Development, E-Transaction,

LEADERSHIP AND CHALLENGES OF DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA, 2020 – 2025

Dr. Okonkwo, Clement Nwafor1*, Ogunbadeniyi, Adeola Oluwakemi2 & Mr. Bassey, John-Jireh3

PDFPage: 42-48

Leadership in Nigeria has recorded a checkered history of imperfection. Regrettably, it appeared to have excluded the masses mainly in the areas of providing the needs of the people, which is the major reasons for subjection of the people under the government according to the Social Contract Theorists.  Unequivocally, this act has brought so much discomfort and distrust between the leaders and the led due to among others, continuous monetary devaluation, poverty, hunger and unemployment. Thus, some states are experiencing different kinds of revolts against their leaders, which has resulted to what seems to be youth revolution through the ballots, while some ended in democratic reversals and forceful change of government. This poses a serious threat to Nigeria that is bedeviled with a near leadership comatose of which, if care is not taken will end up like those states, such as; Chad, Guinea and Sudan. Methodologically, the study employed Expose Facto Research design, the data were collected through Documentary method and were analyzed using Content Analysis. More so, Social Contract Theory of origin of the state was adopted as the theoretical fulcrum around which the work revolves. The theory maintained among others that the state emerged based on the agreement of the people for the provision of those essential needs of the people which they cannot provide for themselves. However, the study observed that the peculiarities of leadership in Africa (Nigeria) characterized by wholesale defalcation, gross incompetence and unbridled corruption are responsible for the weak institutions that are abysmally malfunctioning. These have given rise to the collapse of the socio-political and economic base of the system. The study recommends masses revolution (proletariat) through proper political education and involvement to challenge and change the old order.

Keywords: Corruption, Democracy, Elections, Leadership and Revolution

Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Students at Risk of Attrition in a Federal University

Milena Ester de Almeida1, Gilberto Venâncio Luiz2* & José Antônio de Babos Mendes3

PDFPage: 49-62

Student dropout in higher education remains a persistent challenge for public universities, generating significant academic, social, and economic impacts. Early student withdrawal compromises the efficiency of public investment in education, reduces graduation rates, and limits students’ professional opportunities. In this context, the use of machine learning techniques has shown promising potential for identifying patterns associated with dropout risk and supporting institutional decision-making. This study aimed to apply and compare different supervised machine learning algorithms to predict student dropout in a Brazilian federal university, as well as to identify the main factors associated with academic attrition. The research adopted a quantitative approach using an institutional dataset comprising 20,275 students admitted since 2010 across three campuses of the university. Several classification algorithms were tested, including Neural Network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, AdaBoost, Naive Bayes, and Logistic Regression. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC), along with model interpretability through the SHAP technique. The results indicated strong predictive performance across the models, with Gradient Boosting demonstrating the best overall results. The most influential predictors of dropout were cumulative grade point average and the number of course failures. The findings suggest that machine learning models can support the early identification of at-risk students and contribute to institutional retention policies.

Keywords: Student dropout, Machine learning, Higher education, Predictive analytics.

Law Enforcement of Sexual Crimes by Indonesian National Armed Forces at Kodam XV Pattimura Ambon

Johan Bormasa1, Juanrico Alfaromona Sumarezs Titahelu2*, Julianus Edwin Latupeirissa3

PDFPage: 63-67

Sexual offenses are a form of crime that not only violate legal norms but also moral and ethical norms that exist within society. In a military context, such violations have broader implications as they can damage the institution’s image and weaken soldier discipline. This research aims to analyze the law enforcement against immoral crimes committed by Indonesian National Soldiers at Kodam XV Pattimura Ambon and to identify the factors affecting the effectiveness of that law enforcement. The research method used is normative juridical research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data were obtained thru library research on legislation, legal literature, and national and international journal articles. The research results show that law enforcement against Indonesian National Armed Forces who commit immoral acts is carried out thru the military justice mechanism, which involves investigations by the Military Police, prosecutions by the Military Prosecutor’s Office, and trials by the Military Court. In addition to criminal sanctions, the perpetrator may also face military disciplinary sanctions such as demotion, disciplinary detention, and dismissal from military service. The effectiveness of law enforcement is influenced by the substance of the law, the institutional structure of law enforcers, and the legal culture within the military environment. Therefore, strengthening internal oversight, enhancing the mental training of soldiers, and implementing strict and consistent sanctions are necessary to prevent similar violations in the future.

Keywords: Law Enforcement, Sexual Crimes, Indonesian National Armed Forces, Military Court.

"The hour of the dreamers!" and the radio imaginary of the mind: an essay based on Bachelard, Durand and Wunenburger

Gabriel Kafure da Rocha1* & Debora Maria dos Santos2

PDFPage: 68-71

With the text “Reverie and Radio” by Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962) present in the book “The Right to Dream” we elevate the radio to a cosmic problem in which the imaginary unfolds in the structure of the mind. Through the inclusion of television that Jean-Jacques Wunenburger (1946-) addresses in the book “Man in the Age of Television” and in excerpts from “The Symbolic Imagination” by Gilbert Durand (1921-2012), we find neurobiological elements of the brain unfolded in the metaphor of television. With the issue of the pandemic, and even before it, both radio and TV had to reinvent themselves in the face of the era of artificial intelligence on the internet. The limitations and potentialities of this reality lead us to think about the reverberations and resonances of such a fact in our imagination. The objective of this communication is to explore the reverberation of the imaginary in the hypnotic spectacularization of the television communicative senses in our mind. How to bring new dreams and daydreams from the rupture with the language of radio consciousness?  We intend to express what the image that moves towards the return of TV to the new spirit of radio, even if virtually, can mean, and what such new communication techniques between the human being and the world can bring to our imagination.

Keywords: logosphere; radio; screens.

Mental Health Awareness and Stigma in Benue State, Nigeria: The Role of Cultural Perceptions

Koko Terkaa Benedict1, Henry Luter Songu2*, Ifere Mimi-Patricia Eugene3

PDFPage: 72-76

Background: In many poor and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, mental health is still a very neglected area of public health. Significant obstacles to knowledge and treatment in Benue State are stigma and strongly entrenched cultural beliefs. This research investigated the degree of mental health awareness among locals and examined how cultural ideas contributed to the stigma related to mental disorders.

Methods: Thirty-three adults picked using a multi-stage sampling approach throughout urban and rural locations in Benue State were surveyed using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were gathered using a verified, organized questionnaire and examined using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) as well as inferential techniques (Chi-square).

Results: The study indicated that inhabitants had a low general degree of knowledge about mental health (cluster mean = 2.02). A great majority of participants barely looked for related information and were not conversant with mental health ideas. Moreover, cultural attitudes were discovered to significantly add to stigma (cluster mean = 2.88), with views often tying mental disease to spiritual sources. Cultural beliefs clearly add to stigma, as proven by the Chi-square test (X^2=76.35,p=.000).

Conclusion: The study finds that stigma in Benue State is greatly driven by poor mental health awareness and strong cultural beliefs. To raise awareness, refute damaging cultural narratives, and lower the stigma around mental disease, culturally sensitive public health initiatives and educational efforts are much needed right now.

Keywords: Awareness, Cultural Beliefs, Mental Health, Nigeria, Stigma

ONLINE CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE IN THE GAMBIA ELIMINATION STRATEGIES: THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHILD PROTECTION OFFICERS (CASE STUDY: SEREKUNDA TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AREAS)

Yahya Muhammed Bah

PDFPage: 77-83

The digital technology has positively transformed the life and living conditions of many people around the globe. However, studies have revealed some negative socio-economic, political, cultural; and environmental impacts. This case study was conducted to interrogate online child sexual abuse and exploitation in The Gambia focusing on the motivating factors, techniques, negative impacts, victims and perpetrators support services, preventive strategies and institutional collaboration. As per the findings to effectively address online child sexual abuse and exploitation, it requires: regular public sensitization, consistent law enforcement, rehabilitation of victims and perpetrators, strengthening and tough laws enactment, stringent code of conducts implementation, strict monitoring of the TDA and environment, rapid prosecution of perpetrators, long term jailing and black listing of convicted perpetrators, strong national and international partnership, capacity building of institutions, responsible parenting promotion and practice, access to quality and relevant education for all children, budget allocation increment, child abuse inclusion in schools curriculum, poverty eradication, government blocking pornographic websites, installation of monitoring applications; and limiting internet access.

Keywords: online, child, abuse, strategies, elimination, exploitation, perpetrators, tourism

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