Edu Rekha International Journal of Arts, Law and Social Science
Volume-2 Issue-4 (July-August) 2026

EDUCATIONAL INNOVATION, CREATIVITY AND RESEARCH AS A TOOL IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS IN NIGERIA

HAMIDU MOHAMMED JADA Ph.D.1* & JAMILAH ABBA Ph.D.2

View PDFPage: 01-07

The study accessed the Educational Innovation, Creativity and Research as a Tool in the Transformation of Teaching and Learning Process in Nigeria, it is conceptual in nature, with the view to proffering solution against the demon attached to teaching and learning more especially in Nigeria. in this making, the paper is divided into the following sub-headings: the concept of educational innovation, definition of education, concept of educational innovation, relativity and innovation in education, concept of educational research, concept of transformation of learning recommendations, conclusion and references in order to enhance higher quality of learning productivities/outcomes in Nigeria   

Keywords: Educational Innovation, Research Creativity, Transformation of Teaching and Learning 

Humanizing the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Education with Consciousness and Empathy in the Era of Digital Transformation in Universities of Northern Nigeria

Aminu Ahmed BUBA (Ph.D)1*, Nana Aisha MUHAMMAD2, Medina MOHAMMED (Ph.D)3

View PDFPage: 08-19

This study examined the humanization of artificial intelligence (AI) in education through consciousness and empathy within the context of digital transformation in federal universities in Northern Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed the extent of AI adoption in teaching and learning, the influence of delegated incompetence on AI utilization among lecturers, the role of consciousness and empathy in promoting human-centered AI practices, and the challenges affecting AI implementation. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The population comprised academic staff from federal universities in Northern Nigeria, from which 356 respondents were selected using multi-stage and stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected using the validated Humanized AI Integration in Education Questionnaire (HAIE-Q), and 334 valid responses were analyzed, representing a 93.8% response rate. The findings revealed a high level of AI adoption in teaching and learning, particularly in enhancing learning experiences and supporting instructional activities. However, institutional support and access to AI tools were found to be inadequate. The study also identified evidence of delegated incompetence, as lecturers reported reduced independent academic effort and increased reliance on AI-generated outputs. Consciousness and empathy emerged as essential components of human-centered AI implementation, receiving strong support from respondents. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship was found between delegated incompetence and the need for AI practices grounded in consciousness and empathy (r = 0.982, p < 0.01). Major challenges included inadequate funding, poor electricity supply, data privacy concerns, weak technological infrastructure, lack of training opportunities, high costs of AI tools, and fear of misuse. The study concluded that AI can significantly advance digital transformation in higher education when guided by ethical, conscious, and empathetic practices. It recommended ethical AI policies, staff capacity building, improved infrastructure, and balanced integration of AI and human intelligence.

Keywords: Digital education, artificial intelligence, Delegated Incompetence Theory, consciousness, empathy, ethical pedagogy, human-centered technology, sustainable development.

MANAGEMENT OF FREE AND COMPULSORY PRIMARY EDUCATION IN NORTH – WEST ZONE, NIGERIA: MYTHS AND LOCAL REALITIES.

Muhammad Kabir Idris PhD1* & Jamila Abba PhD2

View PDFPage: 20-25

This paper examines the provision and management of free and compulsory primary education program in North – west zone of Nigeria. Two research objectives guided the conduct of the study. Literature on historical antecedents of primary education, problems and challenges experienced along the journey, current trends and other related issues are reviewed. The study discovers that; inadequate funding, rapid expansion in enrolment figures, poor infrastructure and inadequate facilities, ineffective supervision, inadequate data for planning, brain-drain and proliferation of poor quality teachers and insecurity are among the foremost hitches militating against effective management of free and compulsory primary education program in North – west zone. It is based on these findings that improving community participation in the management of public primary education through school – based management committees and PTA, and patronizing school – based staff developmental programs, among others are recommended for improvement.

Keywords: free and compulsory, primary education, myths, realities, prospects.

GREEN INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TRANSITIONS

DR SHAIBU, OGWUCHE GABRIEL1*, AMEH OKPE2, V/REV DR CHIKEZIE IHEOMA3, PROF NJOKU O. CHRISTIAN4, DR ANYANWU HYGINUS CHUKWUEMEKA5, BASSEY MAGDALENE6

View PDFPage: 26-31

The growing need for sustainable development in developing economies underscores the importance of green innovation and entrepreneurship as key drivers of systemic change. This study examined the role of green innovation adoption and entrepreneurial initiatives in advancing sustainable development transitions in Imo State, Nigeria. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 215 managers, owners, and senior staff of green-oriented firms using a structured questionnaire titled Green Technology and Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Transitions Questionnaire (GTETSQ), validated with a reliability coefficient of 0.89. Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that green innovation adoption significantly improves sustainability outcomes by enhancing environmental performance, resource efficiency, and long-term competitiveness. Entrepreneurship was also found to play a critical role in driving sustainable transitions by promoting innovation, embedding eco-friendly business models, and transforming environmental challenges into viable business opportunities. The study concludes that green innovation and entrepreneurship are essential enablers of sustainable development in Imo State and recommends government incentives, capacity-building programs for entrepreneurs, and supportive policies to accelerate sustainability-driven innovation and foster long-term resilience.

Keywords: Green Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development Transitions, Eco-Innovation, Competitiveness

Conceptual Change Model as a Catalysts for Intellectual Transformation of Biology Students Academic Achievement and Retention in Genetics concept Among Secondary Schools Students in Dawakin Kudu Zone, Kano State, Nigeria.

Auwalu Abdullahi Tijjani1*, Aisha Muhammad Yakasai2, Najib Usman3, Khadija Ado Saleh4 & Shamsudden Rabiu5

View PDFPage: 32-37

This study investigates the Effects of Conceptual Change Model Strategy on Academic Achievement and Retention of the Concepts of Genetics among Secondary School Students in Dawkins Kudu Zone, Kano state, Nigeria. Using quasi-experimental of the pretest-posttest and post post-test non-equivalent control group design. Data were collected from the population of 2,389 SS III students in the 12 public co-educational secondary schools in the area with 975 males and 1,432 females using Simple random sampling technique. Two objectives, two research questions and two null hypotheses guided the study. Genetics Achievements Test (GAT) was used for Data collection and it was validated by experts from science and technology education department from Bayero university kano. Pilot study was conducted using Test-retest method to ascertain the reliability coefficient of the instrument which yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.81when analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The instrument was found reliable for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation) for the research questions and inferential statistics (One-Way Analysis of Covariance) for the null hypotheses at p ≤ .05 significant level. The findings revealed that the experimental group, taught using Conceptual change model strategy, performed significantly better than the control group, which was taught using conventional methods. The study’s major contribution to knowledge is that the strategy significantly improves students’ academic achievement and retention. Hence, it was recommended that teachers should switch from conventional teaching methods to CCTS and should be retrained on the appropriate skills and models of the strategy to enhance students’ academic achievement and retention.

Keywords: Conceptual Change Model, Academic Achievement, Retention, Genetics, Kano State

Glaucoma Knowledge, Self-Reported Risk Factors, and Eye-Care Access in Selected Rural and Urban Communities of Abia State, Nigeria

Oluchi Ndidi Ekwufulem1*, Ifeyinwa Ogechi Chukwukwe2, Clement Abah Alexander3, Amarachukwu Faith Okafor4, Okechukwu Iheji5 & Chikezie Tochukwu Favour6

View PDFPage: 38-44

Background: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Blindness can be prevented by public awareness of glaucoma, identification of risk factors, and eye-care habits. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, self-reported risk factors, and access to eye care services between selected rural and urban communities of Abia State, Nigeria.

Methods: A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 adults aged ≥40 years (234 rural, 234 urban). Participants were selected using a multistage sampling method and completed a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ten items assessed glaucoma knowledge; a score ≥5 was classified as good knowledge. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.

Results: Rural residents had significantly lower glaucoma awareness (35.9% vs 69.7%; p<0.001) and good knowledge (33.3% vs 68.4%; p<0.001) compared with urban residents. Compared to urban respondents, rural respondents were less likely to be aware of key prevention messages, such as glaucoma has no early symptoms (32.1% vs 85.5%), glaucoma runs in families (21.4% vs 59.8%), and blindness is preventable (29.9% vs 76.9%). There were no significant differences in self-reported risk factors by setting. Access to eye care was markedly lower in rural areas (34.2% vs 74.4%; p<0.001). Of those who could get access, 65.0% of rural people only had eye checks when they had symptoms, compared to 50.0% of urban people who had annual eye checks. Cost was the main barrier in both groups, followed by distance and lack of symptoms. The pattern of barriers did not differ significantly between communities (χ² = 0.50, p = 0.781).

Conclusions: Significant rural-urban disparities exist in glaucoma knowledge and preventive eye-care practices in Abia State. Targeted health education and community-based screening programmes, particularly in rural areas, are urgently needed to reduce avoidable blindness from glaucoma.

Keywords: glaucoma knowledge; risk factors; eye-care access; rural health; urban health; Nigeria

RE-INTEGRATION, REHABILITATION AND RE-CONSTRUCTION IN POST NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR IN SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

Inyikalum, Daniel1 & Onuoha, Peter Chuks2*

View PDFPage: 45-51

This research examined the difficulties of reintegration, rehabilitation, and reconstruction following the Nigeria-Biafra conflict in South East Nigeria. Regrettably, the African continent has experienced numerous violent conflicts, resulting in significant repercussions such as political, social, economic, and humanitarian issues. The Nigerian civil conflict, commonly referred to as the Biafran War, occurred from July 6, 1967, to January 15, 1970, involving the Eastern Region of Nigeria against the remaining parts of the nation. The research is based on the Marxist Political-Economy Framework, aiming to explore the relationships among individuals and classes, and endeavors to comprehend the economy not as a flawless machine but as a dynamic system rife with contradictions and destined for replacement. This research utilized a political economy perspective to reveal the socio-economic and political marginalization of Nigerians during the civil war, resulting in poverty, unrest, and subsequently social issues like economic turmoil and political instability experienced in the nation from 1967 to 1970. Using a qualitative research method, the study found that the socio-political and economic landscape of Nigeria, particularly in the South East, was significantly impacted by the conflict, highlighting the necessity for a strong push towards authentic Re-integration, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction in post Nigeria-Biafra war South East Nigeria. Based on the above, the study suggests that immediate and efficient Re-integration, Rehabilitation, and Re-construction are necessary in the post Nigeria-Biafra conflict in South East Nigeria.

Key words: Reintegration, Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, Nigeria-Biafra, War, South-East

A STUDY OF THE TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT APPROACH AND THE APPLICATION OF SEMIOTIC THEORY IN THE NOVEL TIVI BY SHAHNON AHMAD

Ir. Ts. Mohd. Taha Abd. Wahab1*, Prof. Dr. Azhar Hj. Wahid2 & Dr. Rahmanyasin Jaafar3

View PDFPage: 52-62

It is a common practice for novels to serve as a medium through which authors express satire, criticism, and opinions in a refined manner. The issue of management approaches in novels is often discussed; however, specifically, the management approach concerning technology in literature has received limited scholarly attention. One of the reasons for this is the general perception of the word technology as a field related to science and mathematics, rather than to literature. Technology, however, should be considered a vital necessity for the continuity of human life, and therefore, literary works such as novels naturally reflect human experiences. A novel contains narratives that revolve around humanistic themes, interwoven with issues and conflicts within the text, as well as the introduction of characters and characterization that help to stimulate and enrich the discussion. This study adopts a qualitative method to analyze the selected novel Tivi by Shahnon Ahmad. The novel is examined in terms of how the approach to technology management is portrayed, particularly in relation to the challenges of sociocultural change among the Malay community. However, the narrative’s introduction, which revolves around the theme of technology, is analyzed through the application of semiotic theory. Roland Barthes’s semiotic theory is employed to examine symbols, signs, and meanings in the novel in order to identify the technological narratives that are often associated with progress and modernity. The management approach discussed encompasses five key principles—planning, organizing, leading, staffing, and controlling. This study sets out two main objectives, to identify the technological narrative in the novel Tivi and to analyze it through the application of semiotic theory and the use of management approaches.

Keywords: Management Approach, Narrative, Semiotic Theory, Sociocultural, Technology

Social Organizing in Di Hadapan Pulau: An Analysis Through the Literary Management Approach

Nurul Aini Zainal Abidin1 & Prof. Dr. Azhar Wahid2*

View PDFPage: 63-70

This study examines the principles of social organizing in the novel Di Hadapan Pulau by A. Samad Said through the Literary Management Approach introduced by Abu Hassan (2022). It aims to investigate how the principles of social organizing contribute to shaping the social structure and resilience of the Malay community under Japanese occupation. Employing a qualitative research design based on textual analysis, the study examines narrative events, role allocation, action coordination, and collaborative relationships within informal social organizations. The analysis reveals that although the wartime context renders organizational structures fluid and situational, the principles of social organizing continue to operate adaptively in response to urgent circumstances. Five principal forms of social organizing are identified: religious organizing, shelter construction, funeral management, survival efforts, and family institutions. The findings demonstrate that social organizing functions as a vital mechanism for community adaptation and resilience during periods of crisis, with role allocation and collective cooperation serving as its fundamental elements despite the absence of rigid formal structures. This study contributes to the field of Malay literary studies by reinforcing the Literary Management Approach as an interdisciplinary analytical framework for examining the social and cultural dimensions embedded in literary texts. The findings also provide practical insights into the management of contemporary social organizations in times of crisis.

Keywords: social organizing, organizational management, Literary Management Approach, Malay novel, literary management

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND AI-DRIVEN SERVICE INNOVATION IN NIGERIAN HOTELS

NTAMU E. ABUA Ph.D1*, ODEY CHRISTOPHER LIFU Ph.D2 & DR. OKEZIE, KRISTOPHER ONYEKACHI3

View PDFPage: 71-78

Nigeria’s hospitality industry entered the second decade of the twenty-first century at an important crossroads, where competitive survival increasingly demanded technological reinvention. This study examined the influence of digital transformation dimensions on service innovation performance in three-, four-, and five-star hotels in Nigeria. Six digital transformation variables were investigated: AI-powered guest experience systems, digital revenue management, smart room and Internet of Things (IoT) integration, digital marketing and online travel agency (OTA) utilisation, contactless and mobile payment systems, and data analytics with customer relationship management (CRM) platforms. A descriptive survey design was employed, with structured questionnaires administered to 385 hotel management and frontline service personnel drawn from selected hotels in Lagos, Abuja, and Port Harcourt using stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. All six digital transformation dimensions were found to significantly and positively influence service innovation performance (R² = .630, F(6, 378) = 107.38, p < .001). AI-powered guest experience systems (β = .298) and digital marketing and OTA utilisation (β = .284) emerged as the strongest predictors. The study concluded that deliberate investment in artificial intelligence, digital marketing infrastructure, and data-driven management tools substantially enhances the service innovation capacity of Nigerian hotels. It was recommended that hotel operators develop phased digitalisation roadmaps, invest in staff digital competency development, and leverage collaborative platforms to overcome the infrastructure deficits that currently constrain AI adoption in the Nigerian hospitality sector.

Keywords: digital transformation, AI-driven service innovation, hotel industry, hospitality technology, Nigeria, smart tourism

DIGITALIZED LOGISTICS INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICE MARKETING AGILITY IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH: A REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE

NTAMU E. ABUA Ph.D1*, MICHAEL NWAFOR E. Ph.D2, AJAYI ONI EKUNDAYO Ph.D3

View PDFPage: 79-82

This study investigated the relationship between digitalized logistics infrastructure and service marketing agility within the regional business ecosystem of South-South Nigeria. Operating within the broader context of the Global South, service organizations face volatile market dynamics, infrastructural deficits, and rapidly shifting consumer demands. A cross-sectional survey research design was implemented to obtain empirical data from 412 senior marketing executives, supply chain directors, and operations managers across healthcare delivery systems, hospitality networks, and maritime-linked service providers within the region. Data collection was carried out using a highly structured, closed-ended questionnaire operationalized on a 5-point Likert scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) and multiple regression techniques were utilized to analyze the functional linkages between the variables. The main findings revealed that digitalized logistics infrastructure—specifically real-time tracking integration, cloud-based inventory frameworks, and automated facility coordination—exerts a powerful, statistically significant positive effect on service marketing agility (comprehending market responsiveness, speed of service configuration, and tactical flexibility). Furthermore, regional infrastructural quality was found to act as a significant moderator, meaning that firms with advanced internal digital logistics systems could insulate their marketing operations from external regional bottlenecks. It was concluded that marketing agility in emerging economies is structurally dependent on digitalized physical operational backbones. The study recommends that service sector administrators aggressively invest in cloud-integrated supply chain assets to secure sustainable competitive advantages.

Keywords: Digitalized Logistics, Service Marketing Agility, Global South, Regional Infrastructure, Structural Equation Modeling, Operational Responsiveness.

THE IMPACT OF STABLE AND QUALIFIED SCIENCE TEACHERS ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE IN BAUCHI, BAUCHI STATE-NIGERIA.

ALI MUHAMMAD MUTAH1*, PROFESSOR RAKIYA MAIWADA ABUBAKAR2, DR. ABDULKARIM ALI DEBA3, DR. ALI ABDU GIGINYU4 & SALISU BASHIR CHIROMA5

View PDFPage: 83-88

This study assessed the impact of stable and qualified science teachers on students’ academic performance in science in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The key variables examined included teacher experience [as an indicator of stability], teacher quality and teacher qualifications. Data on students’ academic performance were obtained from the senior secondary certificate examination for the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. The data were analyzed using the spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient to test two hypotheses. The objectives of the study were to examine the impact of stable and qualified science teachers on student academic performance; determine the effect of science teacher qualifications on performance in public secondary schools, assess the influence of teacher stability [length of retention] on students’ learning outcomes, and evaluate the combined effect of teacher qualifications and stability on performance in science subjects. The findings revealed that teacher qualifications and experience were not significantly related to students’ academic performance, as the calculate correlation coefficients.

(r = 0.46 and r = 0.2) were lower than the critical [tubulated] values. Based on these findings, the study recommends the employment of qualified science teachers, improved recruitment processes, continuous training and regular workshops, ongoing professional development, provision of adequate teaching and learning resources, and motivation through incentives. Furthermore, emphasizes the need for effective monitoring and supervision of teachers, as well as the provision of a conducive learning environment by the government. Finally, the study suggests that further research should be conducted periodically to reassess these variables.

Keywords; Teacher Stability [Years Experience], Teacher Qualification, Science Students, Academic Performance, Science Subjects.

THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS AGENTS IN THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF WEST AFRICA

DURUJI, SIMEON U.N. Ph.D

View PDFPage: 89-92

A critical survey of the history of Christianity in West Africa reveals a somber picture of gross omission and under-valuation of the contributions of indigenous missionaries.  Thus, the history of Christianity and Church growth in West Africa will ever remain jejune and incomplete without a sedulous efforts aimed at proper inclusion of ardent and impactful evangelical enterprises of some indigenous agents in West African Church historiography. This paper, therefore, attempts to reconstruct the skewed perception of early Church historians, especially, those from European origin, who did not see the need for proper documentation of enormous contributions of indigenous missionary agents to the spread and growth of Christianity in West Africa, probably because of racial bias.  The spread of the gospel in West African Coast was indeed due ‘to the sacrifice, hard work and burning zeal of the indigenous converts, who were employed as pioneer lay agents of their various missions more especially, the Church Missionary Society (C.M.S). The paper after taking a look at a brief history of indigenization of Christianity in West Africa, goes on to examine the role of indigenous agents in Niger territory; and also the contributions of indigenous agents to successful evangelization of West Africa. It highlights the class of people from which they were recruited, and the level of education which qualified them to be employed as monitors, teachers, evangelist and catechists. The paper concludes by stressing that the mark made by the indigenous agents in the history of Christianity in Nigeria, West Africa and Africa at large is so enormous that it will remain indelible in the anal of history. It recommends that contemporary Christian missionaries and church planters should borrow a leaf from earliest African missionary agents in terms of selfless service, commitment, cooperative spirit and missionary focus with which they worked for the evangelization of their father land between 19th and 20th centuries.

Key words: Agents, Christianization, indigenous, missionary, West Africa

Post-Civil War Trading And Industrial Activities Among Arondizuogu People

NWOKEJI, NGOZI MARIA1*, & IHEKWABA, HOPE C Ph.D2

View PDFPage: 93-97

Prior to the outbreak of Nigeria-Biafra war in 1967, Arondizuogu was replete with a plethora of successful businessmen and women whose astuteness and enterprising spirits were second to none. Their quality of trading and industrial activities impacted hugely, not only on the economy of Arondizuogu community but also on the economy of Nigeria as a whole. The ravages of the civil war impinged tremendously on the people’s trading and industrial experience, thereby causing a sharp decline in the quality of trading and industrial activities among them. This paper, by adopting historical, social and psychological approaches, seeks to investigate among others, pre-civil war trading and industrial activities among Arondizuogu people; Arondizuogu civil war experience; post-civil war economy of Arondizuogu; and Post civil war trading and industrial activities among Arondizuogu people.  The paper concludes by remarking that lack of mutual cooperation, selfish interest and mismanagement of fund among Arondizuogu business men and women were among the factors that led to the collapse of many businesses and industries in post-civil war Arondizuogu society. The paper recommends among others, synergy of business ideas and efforts among Arondizuogu contemporary business men and industrialists for the resuscitation of business activities and maximum productivity among them.

Key words: Arondizuogu, Industrial Activities, Post-civil war trading, Nigeria-Biafra war

DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP MANAGEMENT IN THE NOVEL “IMAM” BY NATIONAL LAUREATE ABDULLAH HUSSAIN

Refaznol Bin Ahmad Tasman1* & Prof Dr. Azhar Bin Hj. Wahid2

View PDFPage: 98-102

This study analyses the principles of management and democratic leadership as portrayed in the novel Imam by National Laureate Abdullah Hussain. Employing a qualitative approach, the study examines how democratic values such as consultation (musyawarah), openness, social responsibility, and human development are manifested through the actions and thoughts of the main character, Imam Mihad. The principle of planning is illustrated through Imam Mihad’s initiatives to reform society, including the reconstruction of Haji Saleh Mosque, personally delivering Friday sermons, and introducing inclusive usrah sessions and spiritual education programmes. Imam Mihad’s leadership style reflects a democratic approach that emphasises two-way communication, tolerance, and a willingness to listen to the voices of the community. In contrast, the character of Haji Syamsuri represents an autocratic leadership style that is more closed, directive-oriented, and less flexible. The study also highlights important leadership elements such as visionary thinking, steadfast adherence to principles, and the ability to face challenges in guiding society towards the common good. The findings demonstrate that democratic leadership principles not only strengthen the narrative of the novel but also convey management values that remain relevant to contemporary society. Therefore, literary works such as Imam serve as an effective medium for value-based education and leadership development, contributing to the formation of a competitive and ethically responsible society.

Keywords: democratic leadership, planning, musyawarah (consultation), literary management, human development

GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN POLITICS, PEACEBUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT

INYIKALUM, Daniel Chibuike1*& IBIBA, Thom-Manuel2

View PDFPage: 103-108

The study interrogated the implication of adopting gender perspectives to issues of politics, peacebuilding and Development. It was observed that there is an imbalance in the roles played by the male and the female gender in politics in Nigerian and therefore calls for more intensive studies into the political role and participation of women in the context of the ongoing democratization in Nigeria and Rivers State in particular. The study applied the qualitative deductive (secondary) methods of data collection and content analysis. In adopting Liberal feminism as a theoretical framework which is premised on the basic principles of freedom, justice, equality and liberty, the study discovered that Nigerian women are still being marginalized due to the style of leadership inherent in the country. Furthermore, despite the challenges women are facing, women activism and advocacy, education of women, positivity on the part of successive governments towards women empowerment and interest of women to participate in Politics and peacebuilding is getting a lot of positive energy but a lot still needs to be done. The study therefore recommended that there is need to build mass Coalition of women support and advocacy group using NGOs and Grassroots women associations to coordinate support and advocacy for fellow women aspirants.

Keywords: Gender perspectives, Peacebuilding, Democracy, Development

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, SUSTAINABLE PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH EAST NIGERIA

INYIKALUM, Daniel Chibuike1*& IBIBA, Thom-Manuel2

View PDFPage: 109-116

This study explored the place and role of conflict prevention strategies on sustainable peace and development in North East Nigeria. It was stated that as humanitarian situations in the North Eastern region deteriorates due to displacement and damages to infrastructure while the conflict rages, it produced an adverse effect on the productive sector of the economy like the agricultural production which is tied to food security and by extension it may affect the nutritional requirement of the population. The study employed the use of two (2) theoretical underpinnings Classical Theory and frustration-aggression theory to reveal that in most cases, conflict happens as a result of denying the individual basic rights, necessities of life, justice or access to other values. The study discovered that for over a decade of a fierce battle between the Nigerian army and the Boko Haram sect, it has been difficult for the Nigerian military to defeat the Boko Haram insurgency even with the logistical support coming from the neighbouring countries. Therefore, there is need to adopt effective conflict prevention strategies with which sustainable peace can be attained in North East Nigeria. From the foregoing, the study recommends that there is need for increase budgeting and tracking it’s spending so as to ensure efficient fund utilization in addressing human security and the plight of the vulnerable in NE Nigeria

Keywords: Conflict, Management, Socio-economic Development, Sustainable Peace, North East, Nigeria

Mudarabah (A Profit Sharing Partnership) as a Shari’ah Compliant Financial Institution: Wisdom and Socio-Economic Implications

Dr. Lawal Musa Kagara1*, Dr. Abdullahi Haruna2 & Dr. Bawa Dan Muhammad Anka3

View PDFPage: 117-122

In Islamic Financial institutions Mudarabah is one of the fundamental profit-and-loss sharing instruments recognized under Islamic commercial law and widely regarded as a Shari’ah-compliant alternative to conventional interest-based financing system. This paper examines Mudarabah as a Shari’ah-compliant financial institution, with particular emphasis on its underlying wisdom and socio-economic implications. The study explores the concept, historical evolution, legal foundations, essential elements, and operational structure of Mudarabah within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. It further highlights the objectives and rationale behind the institution of Mudarabah, especially its role in promoting justice, risk-sharing, mutual cooperation, and equitable distribution of wealth. The paper also analyses the socio-economic significance of Mudarabah in fostering entrepreneurship, reducing poverty, encouraging productive investment, and enhancing economic development within society. In addition, the study discusses the responsibilities of the contracting parties, the need for transparency and accountability, and the importance of ensuring Shari’ah compliance in all Mudarabah transactions. The research adopts quantitative, doctrinal, and analytical methods through the examination of relevant Qur’anic verses, ahadith, classical juristic opinions, and contemporary scholarly writings. The paper concludes that the proper implementation of Mudarabah can significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth and social welfare by creating a financial system founded on ethical values, fairness, and shared responsibility. It therefore recommends greater awareness, effective regulation, proper documentation of contracts, and adherence to Shari’ah principles in order to maximize the benefits of Mudarabah for individuals and society at large.

Keywords: Mudarabah, Shari’ah, Financial, Institution, Wisdom, Socio-Economic.

SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC LAW AND MODERN POLICY PRACTICES: A NIGERIAN CONTEXT

Dr. Kabiru Uba Ibrahim1*, Amb. Usman Mallam Hussaini2, Ibrahim Dahiru Idriss3 & Ahmad Salihu Amin, Ph.D4

View PDFPage: 123-127

The rising ecological crises in Nigeria – ranging from deforestation, water pollution, and desertification to oil spills and unregulated waste disposal – present significant governance challenges that require multidimensional approaches. While modern environmental policy frameworks exist, including the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act and the Climate Change Act of 2021, their enforcement remains weak due to institutional corruption, limited awareness, and inadequate community participation. This paper examines sustainable environmental governance through the dual lens of Islamic law and modern policy practices, emphasizing Nigeria’s predominantly Muslim context. Using a doctrinal and qualitative approach, the study analyzes Qur’anic principles of stewardship (khilāfah), prohibition of corruption (fasād), and preservation of natural balance (mīzān) alongside Nigeria’s environmental legal instruments. The findings reveal that Islamic environmental ethics reinforce the principles of accountability, moderation, and justice embedded in sustainable development goals (SDGs), and that their integration into Nigeria’s governance structures can strengthen compliance, community engagement, and ethical responsibility. The paper concludes that sustainable environmental governance in Nigeria requires a hybrid model grounded in faith-based environmental ethics, effective policy implementation, and institutional reform aligned with both divine injunctions and modern sustainability principles.

Keywords: Islamic Law; Environmental Governance; Sustainability; Nigeria; Policy; Qur’an; Ecology; Ethics; Shari’ah; Environmental Protection

Community Policing in Islam as a Panacea to Crime Control and Prevention in Shari’ah Implementing states

Dr. Lawal Musa Kagara1*, Dr. Abdullahi Haruna2 & Dr. Bawa Dan Muhammad Anka3

View PDFPage: 128-133

Islam as a religion has provide a unique guidance on how to control and prevent crimes in a given community and if followed properly security issues would have been better than how they are now. In this regard communities have a better role to pay in preventing and controlling the increase in crimes in their respective communities. This can be done through proper enlightenment campaign/sensitization to perpetrators by the elite/stake holders in the community and also assisting security agents of all types to see to it that such have been reduced to minimal level. Looking into the present situation there is need for the active involvement of vigilant groups (Yan Banga). Those that volunteer for fight against insecurity (Yan Sakai). And others take holders in order to prevent such immoral act. The paper analyzed how Islam support the ideal of community policing as such some Qur’anic verses and Ahadith of the Prophet (S.A.W.) were sighted to buttress the argument. The paper used both Quantitative and Quantitative methods whereby relevant sources were consulted and analyzed the paper find out that looking into the security challenges the communities of Muslim are facing nowadays there is need for community policing and as a result of the introduction of the policing Muslim and non-Muslim have being benefitting from Community Policing. The paper called on government and well to do individuals to support the idea of community policing, finally conclusion and recommendations were provided on how best to improve the policing.

Keywords: Community, Policing. Control, Prevention, Crime, Shari’ah, Implementing

DIGITAL DOCUMENTATION OF IGBO CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS PRESERVATION IN A PLURALISTIC NIGERIAN SOCIETY

Ihejiekwu Chris O. Ph.D1* & Ekwugha, Grace Chinyere2

View PDFPage: 134-138

The Igbo, as one of the three major ethnic groups in a pluralistic Nigerian society, is known for her profuse endowment with multifarious and rich cultural heritage. It is regrettable that this array of Igbo cultural heritage lacks digital documentation. There is currently a perceived danger that most vital aspects of Igbo cultural heritage are still unknown to the young generation, and might be lost as time goes on if not digitally documented. This has made compellingly imperative the need for contemporary Igbo scholars and intelligential to embark on a well-crafted digital documentation of Igbo cultural heritage. Thus, this paper, which examines “digital documentation of Igbo cultural heritage and its preservation in a pluralistic Nigerian society”, begins by taking a look at an overview of digital documentation. It goes ahead to examine Igbo cultural heritage in a pluralistic Nigerian society; digital documentation of Igbo cultural heritage; benefits of digital documentation of Igbo cultural heritage in a modern world; digital tools for documentation and preservation of Igbo cultural heritage; inherent snags in documentation of Igbo cultural heritage and ways of overcoming the snags. The paper adopted qualitative and descriptive research design method and relied heavily on secondary sources of data such as text books, journal articles and online materials. It concludes by stressing that the conversion of all paper-based documents containing Igbo culture, language, folklores, traditional religion, history, literature, proverbial sayings, norms, values and so on, into digital formats as well as creation of efficient document management system to guarantee their safety, is not only an onerous task that requires expertise but also a capital intensive project. As part of the way forward, the paper suggests the need for Igbo in the Diaspora and at home to work in energy in order to mobilize adequate funds for successful actualization of this noble project, digital documentation and preservation of Igbo cultural heritage.

Keywords: Cultural heritage, digitalization, documentation, Igbo, Nigerian society.

THE RECURRENCE OF DEMOCRATIC HOKUM IN NIGERIAN POLITICAL HISTORY SINCE 1979: ITS PEDAGOGIC IMPLICATIONS AND THE WAY FORWARD

ALAGWU, CHINAZOR IMMACULETA, Ph.D

View PDFPage: 139-146

This study takes a look at the lingering problems that have plagued Nigerian democracy since 1979, when the nation began her first democratic experiment after thirteen years of military rule. The lingering problems, as contends by the study, influenced Nigeria’s democracy into becoming a mere hokum devoid of basic principles of democratic governance. This democratic hokum is said to have increased impunity among the political leadership class, encouraged corruption in governance, trashed human rights and the rule of law, condoned arbitrary arrest, detention and victimization of citizens, suppressed opposition parties and gagged the press, thereby impinging greatly on national development in Nigeria. This study, which adopted a combination of historical and sociological approaches to qualitatively examine the above democratic hokum in Nigerian political history since 1979, contends that the situation is associated with inherit pedagogic implications. Among such pedagogical implications include the fact that democracy seems not to be working efficiently and effectively in Nigeria because of the crop of politicians we have in the country, who lack the required rational and intellectual capacities for grasping the tenets, basic principles and operational methods of true democratic institutions.

It concludes by stressing the need to reform the current democracy in Nigeria to ensure it conforms to the globally accepted standard of democratic practices that can afford Nigerian citizens the opportunity to enjoy dividends of democracy like their counterparts in other parts of the globe. The study recommends, among others, that Nigerians should cultivate the habit of tolerating opposition parties, constructive criticisms, dissenting political views and human right actions as well as accommodate political pluralism.

Keywords: Democracy, democratic hokum, politics, political history, Nigeria.

A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning Applications and Security in the Metaverse

Basma Mohamed1* & Mahmoud Almashad2

View PDFPage: 147-155

Deep learning is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the metaverse, a collective virtual shared space created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and physically persistent virtual reality. Its ability to learn from vast amounts of data and make complex decisions makes it an indispensable tool for creating immersive, intelligent, and personalized experiences within this digital realm.  The metaverse is a collective virtual shared space created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and physically persistent virtual reality. It’s a concept where users can interact with each other and their environment in a 3D virtual world.   Image recognition, object detection, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural language processing, speech recognition, healthcare and autonomous vehicles are a few examples of applications for deep learning. This survey provides an overview of various metaverse applications and outcomes, as well as an introduction to deep learning. 

Keywords: Deep Learning; Metaverse; Artificial Neural Networks.

Computer Vision and the Metaverse: Shaping the Future of Immersive Digital Worlds

Basma Mohamed1* & Mahmoud Almashad2

View PDFPage: 156-163

Background: As the metaverse rapidly evolves into a highly immersive digital environment, the boundaries separating the physical and virtual worlds are becoming increasingly blurred. A foundational driving force behind this transformation is computer vision—a subset of artificial intelligence that empowers computers to process, analyze, and comprehend visual data in order to emulate human sight and interpretation.

Objectives: This paper provides a comprehensive overview of current computer vision techniques and variations, exploring their integration into the metaverse and highlighting their critical importance across multiple industries.

Methodology: The study reviews core deep learning and machine learning visual algorithms, categorizing basic computer vision techniques into image classification, object detection (via bounding boxes), and motion tracking. It evaluates the chronological four-step automated sequence through which machines recognize images: acquisition, interpretation, feature extraction, and pattern recognition.

Findings: Computer vision is shown to be crucial for generating realistic 3D user environments and seamless human-virtual integration under challenging environmental variables. Key enabling functions include gesture/avatar recognition, spatial awareness, scene comprehension, content moderation, realistic non-player characters (NPCs), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents, and real-time pose estimation. The paper highlights transformative metaverse applications leveraging computer vision across diverse sectors, including gaming, social media, virtual tourism, inclusive education, medical training simulations, and e-commerce.

Conclusion and Challenges: Despite its exponential growth, the deployment of computer vision in virtual environments faces notable technical hurdles, such as lag that disrupts user immersion. Additionally, severe ethical challenges persist, including deepfakes, algorithmic biases inherited from training data, and heightened privacy concerns surrounding surveillance and facial recognition. The paper concludes that developers and policymakers must prioritize responsible, non-discriminatory frameworks to balance technological innovation with ethical safeguards.

Keywords: Computer Vision, Metaverse, Immersive Environments, Digital Worlds, Virtual Reality

"Deep Learning for Avatar Facial Emotion Recognition in the Metaverse"

Basma Mohamed1* & Mahmoud Almashad2

View PDFPage: 164-171

This paper proposes a deep learning-based method for real-time facial emotion recognition and classification of avatars, which is essential for immersive virtual environments, especially in the metaverse, where avatars are digital representations of users. The proposed system uses convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transfer learning techniques to analyze avatar facial expressions and detect emotions like happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. The model is trained on a combination of real-world and synthetic datasets, which ensures robust performance across a variety of virtual environments. The results show high accuracy in emotion classification, with potential applications in e-commerce, gaming, mental health, education, and e-commerce. The paper offers a foundation for further research in this developing subject and tackles issues including dataset constraints, real-time processing, and ethical implications. By improving user connection and engagement in the metaverse, this effort advances the creation of emotionally intelligent avatars.

Keywords: Metaverse; Convolutional Neural Networks; Avatar Facial Emotion Recognition; Deep Learning

The Role of Metavese in Image Segmentation: Recent Contributions and Applications

Basma Mohamed1* & Mahmoud Almashad2

View PDFPage: 172-180

Digital interactions and experiences are undergoing a significant evolution driven by the integration of the metaverse with cutting-edge image segmentation technology. The metaverse serves as a collective, persistent, and real-time virtual environment fusing digital and physical realities. Within this landscape, advanced image segmentation—the process of dividing an image into discrete, meaningful regions—acts as a vital computer vision foundation. By precisely identifying, tracking, and isolating visual elements in real time, segmentation facilitates the seamless overlay of digital objects onto physical environments. This intersection is crucial for driving immersion and intuitive interactions in virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) platforms, impacting popular sectors such as gaming, education, professional collaboration, and healthcare.

This study comprehensively investigates how the metaverse transforms image analysis and segmentation techniques. The collaborative and immersive 3D workspaces offered by the metaverse enable multiple users to interact directly with segmentation masks, dramatically optimizing data analysis, communication, and workflow efficiency. Furthermore, the metaverse addresses a critical bottleneck in artificial intelligence development; its expansive environments generate vast, rich datasets and realistic synthetic simulations ideal for training and continuous algorithmic refinement, leading to highly robust deep learning models.

Beyond visual enhancement, the integration of image segmentation introduces vital accessibility features, such as gesture recognition and real-time audio descriptions, making immersive spaces more inclusive for individuals with impairments. Despite its notable promise, the progression of this field relies on addressing persistent technological, user experience, and ethical challenges, including cross-platform interoperability, data security, and cultural representation. Ultimately, this convergence establishes a dynamic, scalable platform that pushes the boundaries of computer vision and redefines how human society communicates and collaborates across digital landscapes.

Keywords: Metaverse, Image Segmentation, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Object Recognition

GATED NEIGHBOURHOODS AND CRIME PREVENTION IN DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

Gloria JAMES1*, Timothy Abayomi ATOYEBI, Ph.D2, Edime YUNUSA, Ph.D3, Ejuchegahi A. ANGWAOMAODOKO4 and Muhammed AUDU, Ph.D5

View PDFPage: 181-198

Rising crime and persistent insecurity have increasingly influenced residential patterns in Nigeria, resulting in the growth of gated neighbourhoods as alternative security strategies. This study examined gated neighbourhoods and crime prevention in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated crime prevalence, the types and categories of gated neighbourhoods, their role in crime prevention. The study was anchored on Broken Window Theory and adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised 352,300 residents of gated and non-gated neighbourhoods, as well as vigilante members. A sample size of 399 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, while participants were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that burglary, theft, and night-time offences remained prevalent, with many residents expressing fear of crime. Gated neighbourhoods were predominantly security-driven and comprised formal gated estates, semi-formal gated streets, and individual gated compounds. Residents generally perceived these neighbourhoods as enhancing safety, peace of mind, and living conditions. However, high security costs, weak coordination with public police, unequal access to security, and delayed emergency responses remained major challenges. The hypotheses indicated a significant negative relationship between crime prevalence and the role of gated neighbourhoods (r (379) = -.391, p = .000.  p < .05), significant gender differences in residents’ perceptions (t (379) = -1.816, p = .070. p > .05). The study concluded that although gated neighbourhoods contribute to crime prevention, greater collaboration among private, vigilante, and public security agencies is recommended to improve their effectiveness.

KEYWORDS: Gated Neighborhood, Crime Prevention, Prevalence

Predatory Journals and the Integrity of Scholarly Publishing: Challenges, Consequences, and Strategies for Sustainable Research Quality

Dr. Edime Yunusa1*, Ejuchegahi A. Angwaomaodoko2 and Prof. Julius Olugbenga Owoyemi3

View PDFPage: 199-208

Rising crime and persistent insecurity have increasingly influenced residential patterns in Nigeria, resulting in the growth of gated neighbourhoods as alternative security strategies. This study examined gated neighbourhoods and crime prevention in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated crime prevalence, the types and categories of gated neighbourhoods, their role in crime prevention. The study was anchored on Broken Window Theory and adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey research design. The study population comprised 352,300 residents of gated and non-gated neighbourhoods, as well as vigilante members. A sample size of 399 respondents was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, while participants were selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that burglary, theft, and night-time offences remained prevalent, with many residents expressing fear of crime. Gated neighbourhoods were predominantly security-driven and comprised formal gated estates, semi-formal gated streets, and individual gated compounds. Residents generally perceived these neighbourhoods as enhancing safety, peace of mind, and living conditions. However, high security costs, weak coordination with public police, unequal access to security, and delayed emergency responses remained major challenges. The hypotheses indicated a significant negative relationship between crime prevalence and the role of gated neighbourhoods (r (379) = -.391, p = .000.  p < .05), significant gender differences in residents’ perceptions (t (379) = -1.816, p = .070. p > .05). The study concluded that although gated neighbourhoods contribute to crime prevention, greater collaboration among private, vigilante, and public security agencies is recommended to improve their effectiveness.

KEYWORDS: Gated Neighborhood, Crime Prevention, Prevalence

AN EPISTEMIC CARTOGRAPHY OF STATE-CIVIL SOCIETY ENGAGEMENTS AND THE TRAJECTORY OF ELECTORAL REFORM IN NIGERIA AND SWEDEN

Folagbade A. Olatidoye 1*, Banji M. Adepoju 2 & Bayo Ilawole 3

View PDFPage: 209-215

Electoral reform has increasingly become central to democratic consolidation, yet its effectiveness depends not only on legal and administrative changes but also on the quality of interactions between state institutions and civil society organisations (CSOs). This study comparatively examines how state–civil society engagements have shaped the trajectory of electoral reforms in Nigeria and Sweden, with the objective of identifying institutional dynamics that account for their divergent democratic outcomes. Anchored on Historical Institutionalism and guided by the conceptual metaphor of Epistemic Cartography, the study conceptualises electoral reform as a cumulative process of institutional learning, collaborative governance, and knowledge exchange rather than a sequence of isolated legislative interventions. A comparative qualitative research design was adopted, relying exclusively on secondary data obtained through a systematic documentary review of electoral laws, constitutional amendments, official reports of electoral management bodies, parliamentary records, publications of international organisations, civil society reports, peer-reviewed literature, and election observation reports covering the period 1999–2026. Data were analysed using Qualitative Content Analysis and comparative thematic analysis. The findings reveal that while Nigeria’s electoral reform trajectory has been largely reactive, characterised by crisis-induced reforms and intermittent state–civil society engagement, Sweden’s experience reflects institutional continuity, structured stakeholder collaboration, and sustained democratic learning. The study concludes that the sustainability of electoral reform is fundamentally determined by the institutionalisation of collaborative governance and the effective integration of civic knowledge into public decision-making processes. It recommends the establishment of permanent state–civil society consultative mechanisms, the systematic implementation of evidence-based electoral reform recommendations, and the strengthening of institutional trust through transparent and participatory electoral governance.

Keywords: Electoral Reform, State–Civil Society Relations, Electoral Governance, Historical Institutionalism, Democratic Institutional Learning.

RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF IKEDURU SOCIETY, IMO STATE, NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PEACE AND SOCIAL STABILITY

DR. ONWULIRI JOSHUA OKECHUKWU

View PDFPage: 216-222

Contemporary Ikeduru society has, in the recent times, witnessed tremendous religious change as seen from the level of alterations and transformations in its socio-cultural and traditional religious practices.  This religious change is caused by Christianity, western education, modernization and civilization, science and technology, globalization, social media and urbanization. The religious change, though helped to transform obnoxious cultural practices, affected indigenous systems of worship, traditional system of moral control, sacred institutions, indigenous values, beliefs, knowledge system, rites, rituals and indigenous mechanisms of peace-building and conflict resolution. Thus, the study examines the nature and effects of religious change in the traditional religious practices of Ikeduru society and evaluates its implications for peace and social stability. The study adopts qualitative and descriptive research designs based on oral information, documentary analysis of books, peer-reviewed journal articles and other relevant scholarly materials. The paper is anchored on structural functionalist theory of social change which posits that the whole institutions in the society function in synergy to maintain equilibrium, stability and order in the society.  A change or disruption in the function of one part of the society or institution of the state such as economy, technology, education, religion and so on, will ultimately affect the other parts of the society, bringing about a change in the whole society. It concludes that Ikeduru traditional religious practices should be revived and repositioned because of its role in fostering social justice, peaceful coexistence, conflict prevention and social stability among the people. The paper suggests digital documentation of Ikeduru traditional religious practices, norms, values and indigenous knowledge systems to preserve them for future generations, as parts of strategies for cautioning the effects of religious change on Ikeduru traditional religious practices. 

Keywords: Ikeduru society, Igbo land, traditional religion, religious change, peace, social stability.

RECONSTRUCTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THE MISUSE OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS IN REALIZING LEGAL PROTECTION AND LEGAL CERTAINTY FOR PATIENTS

Henny Saida Flora1* & Maidin Gultom2

View PDFPage: 223-231

The development of digital health services has transformed the management, storage, and exchange of patient information through the implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). Although EMRs provide significant benefits in improving the efficiency, accuracy, and continuity of healthcare services, their use also creates potential risks of unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration, manipulation, and misuse of patient data. These circumstances raise important legal issues concerning the criminal liability of individuals or institutions responsible for the misuse of electronic medical records and the effectiveness of existing legal mechanisms in protecting patients. This study aims to analyze the legal framework governing criminal liability for the misuse of electronic medical records and to reconstruct a criminal liability model that provides stronger legal protection and legal certainty for patients.

This research employs normative juridical methods using a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. Legal materials are analyzed qualitatively to identify regulatory gaps, inconsistencies, and weaknesses in the implementation of criminal liability relating to electronic medical records. The findings indicate that the existing legal framework provides several forms of protection for the confidentiality and security of medical information; however, challenges remain concerning the determination of responsible parties, unauthorized access, data disclosure, manipulation, and the application of criminal sanctions in the digital healthcare environment. Therefore, a reconstruction of criminal liability is necessary by establishing clear standards concerning prohibited conduct, the subjects who may be held criminally liable, institutional responsibility, forms of sanctions, and mechanisms for protecting and restoring patients’ rights. Such reconstruction is expected to strengthen legal protection, ensure legal certainty, and establish accountability in the management of electronic medical records.

Keywords: Electronic Medical Records; Criminal Liability; Misuse of Medical Records; Legal Protection; Legal Certainty; Patients’ Rights; Data Privacy.

STRENGTHEINING THE ROLE OF THE NOTARY SUPERVISORY COUNCIL IN PREVENTING THE ABUSE OF NOTARIAL AUTHORITY

Maidin Gultom1* & Henny Saida Flora2

View PDFPage: 232-241

The Notary Supervisory Council plays a strategic role in ensuring that notaries perform their duties and authorities in accordance with the principles of legality, professionalism, integrity, and accountability. The abuse of notarial authority may undermine public trust, weaken the evidentiary value of authentic deeds, and create legal uncertainty for the parties involved. This study aims to analyze the role of the Notary Supervisory Council in preventing the abuse of notarial authority and to identify efforts to strengthen its supervisory function. This research employs a normative juridical method using a statutory and conceptual approach. The analysis focuses on the legal framework governing notarial supervision, the authority of the Notary Supervisory Council, and the mechanisms for preventing and responding to violations committed by notaries.

The findings indicate that the supervisory function of the Notary Supervisory Council should not be limited to responding to alleged violations but should also emphasize preventive supervision. Effective supervision requires regular monitoring, examination of notarial compliance, public access to complaint mechanisms, and consistent enforcement of administrative sanctions. In addition, coordination among the Notary Supervisory Council, the Notary Honorary Council, professional organizations, and law enforcement authorities is essential to ensure an integrated supervisory system. Strengthening institutional independence, human resources, transparency, and accountability is also necessary to minimize conflicts of interest and improve the effectiveness of supervision. Therefore, strengthening the role of the Notary Supervisory Council through preventive, transparent, and accountable supervision is essential to prevent abuse of notarial authority, protect the interests of the public, and maintain the integrity and credibility of the notarial profession.

Keywords: Notary, Notarial Authority, Notary Supervisory Council, Supervision, Abuse of Authority.

Knowledge and Preventive Measures of Wood Fuel-Related Health Risks Among Women in Anyigba Community, Kogi State, Nigeria

Timothy Abayomi Atoyebi1*, Edime Yunusa2, Ejuchegahi A. Angwaomaodoko3 and Jaiyeoba Deborah Ifeoluwadun4

View PDFPage: 242-251

Wood fuel remains the dominant domestic energy source for women in rural and semi-urban communities across sub-Saharan Africa, despite its documented association with indoor air pollution and adverse respiratory outcomes. This study therefore, examined the knowledge and preventive measures of wood fuel-related health risks among women in Anyigba community, Dekina Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. The study was guided by five objectives, namely to determine the motivating factors responsible for wood fuel consumption, assess respondents’ knowledge of the associated health risks, establish the prevalence of wood fuel use, examine respondents’ perception of wood fuel consumption, and identify the preventive measures adopted to reduce the health risks associated with wood fuel use. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and a sample of 383 women was drawn using the Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula and a purposive sampling technique across four locations within the community, out of which 350 questionnaires were correctly completed and analysed, representing a 91.4% response rate. A structured questionnaire was the principal instrument of data collection, and data were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test of independence and Pearson product-moment correlation) at the 0.05 level of significance. Findings showed that affordability and accessibility (74.3%) were the leading motivating factor for wood fuel consumption, and that a majority of respondents (68.9%) demonstrated a moderate-to-high level of knowledge of the health risks associated with wood fuel use, although this knowledge did not consistently translate into the adoption of preventive practices. The Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between motivating factors and preventive measures (χ² = 22.47, df = 6, p = .001), and between selected socio-demographic characteristics and respondents’ perception of wood fuel consumption. The Pearson correlation further revealed a significant positive relationship between knowledge of health risks and adoption of preventive measures (r = .41, n = 350, p < .001). The study concluded that knowledge alone is insufficient to drive behavioural change without corresponding access to affordable alternative energy sources, and recommended targeted health education, subsidised improved cook-stove programmes and sustained community-based sensitisation campaigns for women in the study area.

Keywords: Wood Fuel, Health Risks, Knowledge, Preventive Measures, Women

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